Latitude and Longitude
- Latitude: Angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 40°N, 120°W).
- Longitude: Angular distance east or west of the prime meridian (0° longitude), measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 122°30'W, 47°30'N).
Other Geographical Coordinates
- Elevation: Vertical distance above or below sea level, typically measured in meters or feet (e.g., 1,000 meters above sea level).
- Depth: Vertical distance below sea level, typically measured in meters or feet (e.g., 500 meters below sea level).
- Geodetic Datum: Reference system used to define the earth's shape and size, such as the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
Geographic Features
- Landforms: Physical features of the earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, plateaus, and oceans (e.g., Mount Everest, Grand Canyon).
- Waterbodies: Bodies of water, such as oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers (e.g., Pacific Ocean, Great Lakes).
- Political Boundaries: Lines that define the borders of countries, states, or other political entities (e.g., United States, China).
Other Geographical Concepts
- Cartography: Science of making maps and charts.
- Geodesy: Science of measuring and representing the earth's shape and size.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Software and data used to analyze and visualize geographical data.
- Remote Sensing: Techniques for collecting information about the earth's surface using satellites or other remote sensors.