Function of the kidney

The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess substances, such as water and electrolytes, from the blood to form urine. The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure, maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body, and produce hormones that regulate red blood cell production and calcium metabolism. Additionally, the kidneys play a role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance and removing toxins from the blood.

Excretory Function:

- Waste Filtration: Removes urea, creatinine, and other metabolic waste products from the blood.
- Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Maintains proper hydration levels and electrolyte balance by reabsorbing essential ions and water.

Regulatory Function:

- Hormone Production:
- Erythropoietin: Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
- Renin: Triggers the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure.
- Acid-Base Balance: Helps regulate blood pH by excreting excess acid or bicarbonate ions.
- Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism: Contributes to the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels in the body.

Metabolic Function:

- Gluconeogenesis: Produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as lactate or amino acids.
- Vitamin D Activation: Converts vitamin D into its active form, which is essential for calcium absorption.

Protective Function:

- Immune Defense: Contains macrophages and dendritic cells that help fight infections and remove foreign substances.
- Detoxification: Metabolizes and excretes certain drugs and toxins from the body.

Homeostatic Function:

- Blood Pressure Regulation: Regulates blood pressure by controlling fluid volume and electrolyte levels.
- Temperature Regulation: Helps maintain body temperature by releasing heat through blood circulation.