Explain tpyes of design of upper floors which are determine by the nature of building structure??

The design of upper floors in a building is determined by the nature of the building structure, which can vary depending on factors such as the building's purpose, size, location, and construction materials. Some common types of design for upper floors based on the building structure include:

1. Open floor plan: In buildings with a steel or concrete frame structure, upper floors can be designed with an open floor plan, allowing for flexible use of space and easy customization. This design is often seen in office buildings, lofts, and modern residential buildings.

2. Column and beam construction: In buildings with a traditional column and beam construction, upper floors are typically divided into smaller rooms or units, with columns and beams providing support for the floor above. This design is commonly used in older buildings and can be seen in residential, commercial, and industrial structures.

3. Post and beam construction: In buildings with a post and beam construction, upper floors are supported by vertical posts and horizontal beams, creating a more open and airy space compared to traditional column and beam construction. This design is often used in timber-framed buildings and can be seen in residential homes, barns, and other structures.

4. Cantilevered floors: In buildings with a cantilevered structure, upper floors are extended beyond the building's exterior walls, creating a dramatic and modern design. This type of construction is often used in high-rise buildings, museums, and other architectural landmarks.

5. Prefabricated construction: In buildings with a prefabricated structure, upper floors are constructed off-site and then assembled on-site, allowing for faster construction and reduced costs. This design is commonly used in modular buildings, hotels, and residential developments.

Overall, the design of upper floors in a building is closely tied to the nature of the building structure, with different construction methods and materials influencing the layout, aesthetics, and functionality of the space.

Types of Upper Floor Designs Determined by Building Structure

1. Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame Structure

- Flat Slabs: Concrete slabs directly supported by columns without beams.
- Beamed and Slab: Concrete slabs supported by reinforced concrete beams.
- Waffle Slabs: Slabs with a grid of hollow voids to reduce weight.

2. Steel Frame Structure

- Light Steel Framing (LSF): Lightweight steel joists and studs supporting metal decking or plywood.
- Open Web Steel Joists (OWSJ): Trussed steel members with open webs for increased strength and weight reduction.

3. Wood Frame Structure

- Joist and Beam: Floor joists supported by beams, which in turn are supported by columns.
- Trusses: Prefabricated triangular structures that span longer distances and eliminate the need for beams.

4. Masonry Structure

- Flat Arches: Masonry arches supporting floor loads.
- Barrel Vaults: Continuous masonry arches creating a curved ceiling.
- Flat Brick Slabs: Solid brick slabs supported by steel beams or masonry walls.

5. Hybrid Structures

- Combination of RC and Steel: For buildings with complex load requirements or large spans.
- Combination of Wood and Steel: For lightweight and flexible floor designs.

Factors Determining Upper Floor Design

- Load requirements: Live load (occupancy and furniture), dead load (materials), and environmental loads (wind, snow).
- Span: The distance between supports for the floor.
- Material properties: Strength, weight, and durability of the building materials.
- Building type: The intended use of the building (residential, commercial, industrial).
- Design codes: Local building codes and standards that govern floor designs.

The choice of upper floor design is crucial to ensure the structural integrity, safety, and durability of the building.