Explain the working principle of a transformer ?

A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary coil and the secondary coil, which are wrapped around a common iron core. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around the iron core.

This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil through electromagnetic induction. The voltage induced in the secondary coil is proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils. This allows transformers to step up or step down the voltage of an AC power supply.

The iron core of the transformer is used to enhance the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils, increasing the efficiency of the transfer of energy between the two coils. Transformers are used in power distribution systems to step up the voltage for long-distance transmission and step down the voltage for use in homes and businesses.