Crianus Syliacus
Feb 7
Explain the process of cell cycle?
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Feb 7
The cell cycle is the series of events that occur in a cell leading to its division and the production of two daughter cells. It consists of four main phases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap 2), and M (Mitosis).
1. G1 Phase: This is the first phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows in size and prepares for DNA replication. It is also known as the growth phase. During this phase, the cell carries out its normal functions and prepares for the next phase.
2. S Phase: In this phase, DNA replication occurs. The cell's DNA is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive a complete set of genetic information.
3. G2 Phase: After DNA replication, the cell enters the G2 phase. During this phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. It checks for any errors in DNA replication and repairs them if necessary. The cell also synthesizes proteins and organelles required for cell division.
4. M Phase (Mitosis): The M phase is the final phase of the cell cycle and consists of several sub-phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Prophase: The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane starts to break down. The centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form.
- Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the center of the cell, forming a metaphase plate. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.
- Anaphase: The spindle fibers contract, separating the sister chromatids of each chromosome. The separated chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, and a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes begin to decondense, and the cell starts to divide.
After the M phase, the cell enters cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms, pinching the cell into two daughter cells. In plant cells, a cell plate forms in the middle, which eventually develops into a new cell wall, dividing the cell into two.
The two daughter cells then enter the G1 phase, and the cell cycle starts again.
1. G1 Phase: This is the first phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows in size and prepares for DNA replication. It is also known as the growth phase. During this phase, the cell carries out its normal functions and prepares for the next phase.
2. S Phase: In this phase, DNA replication occurs. The cell's DNA is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive a complete set of genetic information.
3. G2 Phase: After DNA replication, the cell enters the G2 phase. During this phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. It checks for any errors in DNA replication and repairs them if necessary. The cell also synthesizes proteins and organelles required for cell division.
4. M Phase (Mitosis): The M phase is the final phase of the cell cycle and consists of several sub-phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Prophase: The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane starts to break down. The centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form.
- Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the center of the cell, forming a metaphase plate. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.
- Anaphase: The spindle fibers contract, separating the sister chromatids of each chromosome. The separated chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, and a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes begin to decondense, and the cell starts to divide.
After the M phase, the cell enters cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms, pinching the cell into two daughter cells. In plant cells, a cell plate forms in the middle, which eventually develops into a new cell wall, dividing the cell into two.
The two daughter cells then enter the G1 phase, and the cell cycle starts again.
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