Explain how global factor such as urbanization and globalization can be determinants of health?

Urbanization and globalization can have significant impacts on health outcomes due to various factors such as increased exposure to pollution, overcrowding, inadequate access to healthcare services, and changes in lifestyle and diet.

1. Urbanization: As more people move to cities, there is often a higher concentration of pollution from vehicles, factories, and other sources. This can lead to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and other health issues. Additionally, overcrowding in urban areas can increase the spread of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and influenza. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities in urban slums can also contribute to the spread of diseases.

2. Globalization: Globalization has led to increased trade and travel between countries, which can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. Additionally, changes in lifestyle and diet due to globalization can lead to an increase in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The availability of processed foods and sugary drinks, as well as sedentary lifestyles, can contribute to the rise of these health issues.

Overall, urbanization and globalization can impact health outcomes by increasing exposure to environmental hazards, facilitating the spread of infectious diseases, and influencing lifestyle choices. It is important for policymakers to address these factors and implement measures to promote public health and well-being in urbanized and globalized societies.