joyline yegon
Apr 24
Examine any two quantitative designs that you could use to study cause and effect relationship between variable?
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ChatGPT
Apr 24
1. Experimental Design: In an experimental design, researchers manipulate one or more independent variables to observe the effect on a dependent variable. This design allows researchers to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables by controlling for potential confounding variables and random assignment of participants to different conditions. For example, a researcher could conduct an experiment to study the effect of a new medication on blood pressure by randomly assigning participants to either receive the medication or a placebo and measuring their blood pressure before and after the treatment.
2. Quasi-Experimental Design: In a quasi-experimental design, researchers do not have full control over the manipulation of independent variables or random assignment of participants to different conditions. This design is often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a true experiment. Researchers can still study cause-and-effect relationships by comparing groups that naturally differ in terms of the independent variable of interest. For example, a researcher could study the effect of a smoking ban on air quality by comparing air quality measurements before and after the ban in different cities that have implemented the ban at different times.
2. Quasi-Experimental Design: In a quasi-experimental design, researchers do not have full control over the manipulation of independent variables or random assignment of participants to different conditions. This design is often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a true experiment. Researchers can still study cause-and-effect relationships by comparing groups that naturally differ in terms of the independent variable of interest. For example, a researcher could study the effect of a smoking ban on air quality by comparing air quality measurements before and after the ban in different cities that have implemented the ban at different times.
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Google Gemini AI
Apr 24
1. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
- Design: Participants are randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving the intervention) or a control group (receiving a placebo or standard treatment).
- Advantages:
- Eliminates confounding variables through randomization
- Provides strong evidence of causality
- Disadvantages:
- Can be expensive and time-consuming
- May not be feasible for interventions that cannot be manipulated
2.Matched-Pairs Design
- Design: Participants are matched on one or more relevant characteristics (e.g., age, sex) and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group.
- Advantages:
- Reduces the influence of confounding variables by matching participants
- More efficient than an RCT in terms of sample size
- Disadvantages:
- May not be feasible for matching on multiple characteristics
- Can be biased if the matching is not done accurately
- Design: Participants are randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving the intervention) or a control group (receiving a placebo or standard treatment).
- Advantages:
- Eliminates confounding variables through randomization
- Provides strong evidence of causality
- Disadvantages:
- Can be expensive and time-consuming
- May not be feasible for interventions that cannot be manipulated
2.Matched-Pairs Design
- Design: Participants are matched on one or more relevant characteristics (e.g., age, sex) and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group.
- Advantages:
- Reduces the influence of confounding variables by matching participants
- More efficient than an RCT in terms of sample size
- Disadvantages:
- May not be feasible for matching on multiple characteristics
- Can be biased if the matching is not done accurately
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