Material Culture:
- Tangible artifacts, objects, and physical creations
- Includes tools, clothing, buildings, art, technology
- Reflects the material needs and technological advancements of a society
Non-Material Culture:
Symbols:
- Represent something else, often through abstract or indirect means
- Include language, gestures, art, religious symbols
Values:
- Beliefs about what is good, right, and desirable
- Guide people's behavior and decision-making
- Shape social norms and expectations
Beliefs:
- Ideas or statements that people accept as true
- Include religious beliefs, scientific theories, cultural myths
Norms:
- Rules or expectations governing behavior
- Define how people should act in different situations
- Ensure social order and conformity
Institutions:
- Organized social structures that perform specific functions
- Include family, government, education, economy
- Shape people's lives and social interactions
Social Organization:
- Patterns and relationships that organize society
- Includes kinship systems, gender roles, social stratification
Education:
- The process of transmitting knowledge, skills, and values
- Enculturation of new generations and preservation of culture
Rituals:
- Formalized behaviors or practices
- Express shared beliefs and values
- Mark important life events, ceremonies, or transitions
Art and Music:
- Creative expressions that reflect cultural values and experiences
- Include painting, sculpture, music, dance, literature
Language:
- A system of communication used to express ideas and concepts
- Reflects a society's cognitive processes and worldview