in November 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He was the youngest of four children born to Jainulabdeen Marakayar, a boat owner, and Ashiamma, a housewife. Kalam's early life was marked by poverty and struggle. His father's boat business was not profitable, and the family often had to rely on food stamps to get by.
Kalam was a bright and curious child. He loved to read and learn, and he was always eager to help others. He attended Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Ramanathapuram, where he excelled in mathematics and science. After graduating from high school, Kalam enrolled in Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, where he studied physics. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1954.
After graduating from college, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) in Bangalore. He worked on various projects, including the development of the India's first indigenous fighter jet, the HF-24 Marut. In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He was responsible for the development of the SLV-3, India's first satellite launch vehicle.
Kalam's work at ISRO earned him international recognition. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, one of India's highest civilian honors, in 1981. In 1992, he was appointed director of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Under his leadership, DRDO developed a number of important weapons systems, including the Agni missile and the Prithvi missile.
In 2002, Kalam was elected President of India. He served a five-year term, during which time he focused on education, healthcare, and scientific research. He was known for his simple lifestyle and his dedication to public service.
Kalam retired from the presidency in 2007. He continued to work as a teacher and author, and he was a strong advocate for peace and development. He died on July 27, 2015, at the age of 83.
Kalam was a visionary leader who dedicated his life to the service of his country. He was a brilliant scientist, a gifted communicator, and a compassionate human being. He will be remembered as one of India's greatest leaders.