Discuss the four main stages in milk processing ?

1. Collection and transportation: The first stage in milk processing involves collecting raw milk from dairy farms and transporting it to the processing plant. The milk is typically collected in refrigerated tankers to maintain its freshness and quality during transportation.

2. Pasteurization: Once the raw milk reaches the processing plant, it undergoes pasteurization, a process that involves heating the milk to a specific temperature for a set period of time to kill harmful bacteria and pathogens. This helps to ensure the safety and quality of the milk for consumption.

3. Homogenization: After pasteurization, the milk is homogenized to break down the fat molecules and distribute them evenly throughout the milk. This process helps to prevent the cream from separating and forming a layer on top of the milk. Homogenization also gives the milk a smoother texture and consistency.

4. Packaging and distribution: The final stage in milk processing involves packaging the milk in various containers, such as cartons, bottles, or bags, and labeling them for distribution to retailers and consumers. The packaged milk is then stored in refrigerated warehouses and transported to grocery stores, supermarkets, and other outlets for sale to consumers.