Discuss the difference between three models of curriculum development.

1. Tyler's Model of Curriculum Development:
Tyler's model is a linear, rational approach to curriculum development that focuses on defining objectives, selecting content, organizing content, and evaluating outcomes. This model is often referred to as the objectives model because it begins with clearly defined learning objectives that drive the rest of the curriculum development process. The emphasis is on aligning curriculum with specific learning goals and objectives, and evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum based on these objectives.

2. Wheeler's Model of Curriculum Development:
Wheeler's model is a more holistic and dynamic approach to curriculum development that emphasizes the importance of context, collaboration, and continuous improvement. This model views curriculum development as an ongoing process that involves input from various stakeholders, including teachers, students, parents, and community members. Wheeler's model also emphasizes the importance of considering the social, cultural, and political context in which the curriculum is being developed, and the need for flexibility and adaptability in response to changing needs and circumstances.

3. Taba's Model of Curriculum Development:
Taba's model is a more student-centered approach to curriculum development that focuses on the needs, interests, and experiences of individual learners. This model emphasizes the importance of starting with the learner and building the curriculum around their interests, abilities, and experiences. Taba's model also emphasizes the importance of collaboration and dialogue between teachers and students in the curriculum development process, as well as the need for ongoing reflection and revision based on feedback from learners. This model is often associated with a more constructivist approach to teaching and learning, where students are actively engaged in the learning process and encouraged to take ownership of their own learning.

1. Subject-Centered Model

- Emphasis: Knowledge and content in specific academic disciplines
- Organization: Curriculum is divided into separate subject areas (e.g., English, Math, Science)
- Instructional Focus: Teaching specific subject matter through lectures, textbooks, and assignments
- Evaluation: Tests and assessments focus on factual knowledge and subject-specific skills
- Goal: To provide students with a comprehensive understanding of specific academic disciplines

2. Learner-Centered Model

- Emphasis: Individual learner needs, interests, and experiences
- Organization: Curriculum is tailored to meet the needs of each student
- Instructional Focus: Facilitating student-centered learning experiences through active engagement, project-based learning, and peer collaboration
- Evaluation: Authentic assessment methods (e.g., portfolios, projects, observations) that measure student progress and understanding
- Goal: To empower students to develop their own interests, skills, and knowledge

3. Problem-Centered Model

- Emphasis: Real-world problems and societal issues
- Organization: Curriculum is organized around interdisciplinary themes or problems
- Instructional Focus: Using inquiry-based and project-based learning to address complex issues
- Evaluation: Assessment focuses on students' ability to analyze, solve problems, and make informed decisions
- Goal: To prepare students to become critical thinkers, problem solvers, and active participants in a dynamic society