Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage in the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects older adults, although it can also occur in younger individuals due to factors such as joint injury, obesity, or genetics.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors. Over time, the cartilage in the joints wears down, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness. As the condition progresses, bone spurs may develop, further contributing to joint damage.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the joints affected. Common symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected joints. Osteoarthritis most commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, but can also occur in the hands, wrists, and shoulders.
Treatment for osteoarthritis focuses on managing symptoms and improving joint function. This may include lifestyle changes such as weight loss, exercise, and physical therapy, as well as medications to reduce pain and inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to repair or replace damaged joints.
While there is no cure for osteoarthritis, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by the condition. It is important for individuals with osteoarthritis to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan that meets their needs and goals.