Difference between rods and cones.

Rods and cones are two types of photoreceptor cells found in the retina of the eye that are responsible for detecting light and transmitting visual information to the brain.

1. Structure:
- Rods: Rods are long, cylindrical cells that are more numerous in the retina compared to cones. They are sensitive to low levels of light and are responsible for night vision.
- Cones: Cones are shorter, conical cells that are less numerous in the retina compared to rods. They are responsible for color vision and visual acuity in bright light.

2. Sensitivity to light:
- Rods: Rods are highly sensitive to light and are able to detect even small amounts of light, making them essential for vision in low-light conditions.
- Cones: Cones are less sensitive to light compared to rods and require higher levels of light to function effectively. They are responsible for color vision and visual acuity in bright light.

3. Function:
- Rods: Rods are primarily responsible for detecting motion and shapes in dim light conditions. They do not detect color and are more sensitive to light intensity.
- Cones: Cones are responsible for detecting color and fine details in bright light conditions. They are less sensitive to light intensity but are able to detect different wavelengths of light, allowing for color vision.

4. Distribution in the retina:
- Rods: Rods are more densely packed in the peripheral regions of the retina, making them more important for peripheral vision and night vision.
- Cones: Cones are more concentrated in the central region of the retina, known as the fovea, where visual acuity is highest. They are responsible for central vision and color perception.

In summary, rods are more sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision and motion detection, while cones are less sensitive to light and are responsible for color vision and visual acuity in bright light.

Rods and cones are two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye. They are specialized cells that convert light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

Rods are responsible for vision in dim light and are more sensitive to movement than cones. They contain a pigment called rhodopsin, which is sensitive to wavelengths of light between 400 and 500 nm (blue-green light). Rods are located in the outer layer of the retina and are more numerous than cones.

Cones are responsible for vision in bright light and are responsible for color vision. They contain pigments called photopsins, which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. There are three types of cones:

- S-cones are sensitive to short wavelengths of light (400-440 nm) and are responsible for detecting blue light.
- M-cones are sensitive to medium wavelengths of light (480-530 nm) and are responsible for detecting green light.
- L-cones are sensitive to long wavelengths of light (550-600 nm) and are responsible for detecting red light.

Cones are located in the inner layer of the retina and are less numerous than rods.

Summary of the differences between rods and cones:

| Feature | Rods | Cones |
|---|---|---|
| Function | Vision in dim light and movement detection | Vision in bright light and color vision |
| Pigment | Rhodopsin | Photopsins |
| Location in retina | Outer layer | Inner layer |
| Number | More numerous | Less numerous |