Describe two modes of feeding.

1. Grazing: Grazing is a feeding mode where an animal continuously feeds on small amounts of food throughout the day. This is common in herbivores such as cows, sheep, and deer, who graze on grasses and plants. Grazing allows animals to obtain a steady supply of nutrients and energy without overloading their digestive system.

2. Predation: Predation is a feeding mode where an animal hunts, kills, and consumes other animals for food. Predators such as lions, wolves, and sharks use various hunting techniques to capture their prey, which can include ambush, pursuit, and scavenging. Predation is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems by controlling the population of prey species.

1. Filter Feeding:

- Involves straining food particles from water or other liquids.
- Organisms that filter feed include sponges, clams, mussels, and krill.
- They have specialized structures called filter feeders, such as gills or cilia, which trap food particles.
- Food is filtered and then ingested by the organism.

2. Substrate Feeding:

- Involves collecting and ingesting food from a solid surface, such as leaves, rocks, or the ocean floor.
- Organisms that substrate feed include snails, worms, crabs, and flatworms.
- They have specialized structures such as a radula (in snails), a proboscis (in worms), or claws (in crabs) to scrape, chew, or manipulate food.
- Food is collected and then ingested directly from the substrate.