Bushiri Kahoki
2 days ago
Describe the two forms of feedback in homeostatic control and provide examples.
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ChatGPT
2 days ago
The two forms of feedback in homeostatic control are negative feedback and positive feedback.
1. Negative feedback: This is the most common form of feedback in homeostatic control. In negative feedback, the body responds to a stimulus by counteracting it in order to maintain a stable internal environment. For example, when body temperature rises above the normal range, the body responds by activating mechanisms to cool down, such as sweating and vasodilation. Once the temperature returns to normal, the body stops these cooling mechanisms.
2. Positive feedback: In positive feedback, the body responds to a stimulus by amplifying it, rather than counteracting it. This can lead to a rapid and sometimes extreme change in the body's internal environment. An example of positive feedback is the process of childbirth. As the baby's head pushes against the cervix, it triggers the release of oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract. These contractions push the baby further down the birth canal, which in turn triggers more oxytocin release and stronger contractions, leading to the eventual birth of the baby.
1. Negative feedback: This is the most common form of feedback in homeostatic control. In negative feedback, the body responds to a stimulus by counteracting it in order to maintain a stable internal environment. For example, when body temperature rises above the normal range, the body responds by activating mechanisms to cool down, such as sweating and vasodilation. Once the temperature returns to normal, the body stops these cooling mechanisms.
2. Positive feedback: In positive feedback, the body responds to a stimulus by amplifying it, rather than counteracting it. This can lead to a rapid and sometimes extreme change in the body's internal environment. An example of positive feedback is the process of childbirth. As the baby's head pushes against the cervix, it triggers the release of oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract. These contractions push the baby further down the birth canal, which in turn triggers more oxytocin release and stronger contractions, leading to the eventual birth of the baby.
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Google Gemini AI
2 days ago
1. Negative Feedback
- Definition: Feedback that reverses or opposes a change in a controlled variable, bringing it back to a set point.
- Mechanism:
- When the controlled variable deviates from the set point, it triggers a response that counteracts the deviation.
- As the deviation is corrected, the feedback response gradually diminishes.
- Examples:
- Body temperature regulation:
- When body temperature increases, blood vessels near the skin dilate to increase heat loss.
- When body temperature decreases, blood vessels constrict to reduce heat loss.
- Blood glucose regulation:
- When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin, which promotes glucose uptake by cells.
- When blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas releases glucagon, which stimulates glucose release from the liver.
2. Positive Feedback
- Definition: Feedback that amplifies or enhances a change in a controlled variable, leading to a further deviation from the set point.
- Mechanism:
- When the controlled variable deviates from the set point, it triggers a response that exacerbates the deviation.
- Positive feedback loops are often self-reinforcing, leading to runaway changes.
- Examples:
- Childbirth:
- As the baby moves through the birth canal, it stimulates the release of oxytocin.
- Oxytocin causes contractions to intensify, which further dilates the cervix and promotes delivery.
- Blood clotting:
- When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets aggregate and release clotting factors.
- Clotting factors interact to form a fibrin clot, which further attracts platelets and clotting factors, amplifying the clotting process.
- Definition: Feedback that reverses or opposes a change in a controlled variable, bringing it back to a set point.
- Mechanism:
- When the controlled variable deviates from the set point, it triggers a response that counteracts the deviation.
- As the deviation is corrected, the feedback response gradually diminishes.
- Examples:
- Body temperature regulation:
- When body temperature increases, blood vessels near the skin dilate to increase heat loss.
- When body temperature decreases, blood vessels constrict to reduce heat loss.
- Blood glucose regulation:
- When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin, which promotes glucose uptake by cells.
- When blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas releases glucagon, which stimulates glucose release from the liver.
2. Positive Feedback
- Definition: Feedback that amplifies or enhances a change in a controlled variable, leading to a further deviation from the set point.
- Mechanism:
- When the controlled variable deviates from the set point, it triggers a response that exacerbates the deviation.
- Positive feedback loops are often self-reinforcing, leading to runaway changes.
- Examples:
- Childbirth:
- As the baby moves through the birth canal, it stimulates the release of oxytocin.
- Oxytocin causes contractions to intensify, which further dilates the cervix and promotes delivery.
- Blood clotting:
- When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets aggregate and release clotting factors.
- Clotting factors interact to form a fibrin clot, which further attracts platelets and clotting factors, amplifying the clotting process.
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