Describe the main features of development of systems of Education during 1920-1945?

During the period of 1920-1945, there were several key developments in education systems around the world. Some of the main features of this period include:

1. Expansion of public education: Many countries saw a significant expansion of public education during this time, with more children attending school and increased government funding for education.

2. Introduction of compulsory education: Several countries implemented compulsory education laws during this period, requiring all children to attend school up to a certain age.

3. Emphasis on vocational training: There was a growing emphasis on vocational training and technical education during this time, as countries sought to prepare their populations for the industrial workforce.

4. Education reforms: Many countries implemented education reforms during this period, including changes to curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment practices.

5. Increased focus on teacher training: There was a greater emphasis on training teachers and improving the quality of education during this time, with the establishment of teacher training colleges and professional development programs.

6. Influence of political ideologies: The education systems of many countries were influenced by political ideologies during this period, with some governments using education as a tool for propaganda or social engineering.

7. Impact of World War II: The outbreak of World War II had a significant impact on education systems, with many schools and universities closing or being repurposed for military use. After the war, there was a renewed focus on rebuilding and improving education systems.

Overall, the period of 1920-1945 saw significant changes and developments in education systems around the world, with a focus on expanding access to education, improving the quality of teaching, and preparing students for the challenges of the modern world.

Expansion of Educational Opportunities:

- Increase in compulsory education requirements (e.g., 9 years in the United States)
- Establishment of junior colleges and vocational schools
- Expansion of higher education, including the establishment of new universities

Curriculum Reforms:

- Shift towards a more practical, vocational curriculum in alignment with industrial and technological advancements
- Incorporation of science, mathematics, and technology into secondary school programs
- Emphasis on civic education and social consciousness

Teacher Training and Professionalization:

- Establishment of teacher certification programs and professional teaching standards
- Creation of teacher unions to advocate for teachers' rights and improve working conditions

Progressive Education Movement:

- Influenced by John Dewey's ideas, focused on student-centered learning, hands-on experiences, and cooperative group work
- Challenged traditional authoritarian teaching methods and emphasized child development

International Collaboration:

- Formation of international organizations, such as the League of Nations and UNESCO, to promote educational cooperation and exchange
- Development of exchange programs for students and teachers

Government Involvement:

- Increased government funding for education, particularly during the Great Depression to provide relief and economic stimulus
- Establishment of federal agencies such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) to support educational programs

Other Notable Developments:

- Growth of adult education and literacy programs
- Emergence of special education services for students with disabilities
- Increased participation of women and minorities in education, although barriers remained

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