Which philosophical theories of education suggest didactic teaching by lectures and Socratic teaching by questioning are important for classroom instruction?

Two philosophical theories of education that suggest didactic teaching by lectures and Socratic teaching by questioning are important for classroom instruction are:

1. Perennialism: Perennialism is a philosophical theory of education that emphasizes the importance of teaching timeless truths and universal principles. In a perennialist approach to education, didactic teaching through lectures is often used to impart foundational knowledge and essential concepts to students. Additionally, Socratic teaching by questioning is valued as a method for encouraging critical thinking, stimulating intellectual curiosity, and promoting deep engagement with the subject matter.

2. Idealism: Idealism is another philosophical theory of education that emphasizes the importance of intellectual development, moral growth, and the pursuit of truth and knowledge. In an idealist approach to education, didactic teaching through lectures is often used to convey abstract ideas, philosophical concepts, and ethical principles. Socratic teaching by questioning is valued as a method for fostering intellectual inquiry, promoting dialogue and discussion, and encouraging students to think critically and reflectively about their own beliefs and values.

- Essentialism emphasizes the transmission of essential knowledge and skills through traditional lecture-based instruction.
- Perennialism stresses the importance of studying timeless works of literature, philosophy, and art. Lectures are often used to convey the content of these works.
- Social Reconstructionism advocates for using education to improve society. Lectures can be used to raise awareness of social problems and to promote critical thinking.
- Socratic teaching uses questioning to lead students to discover truth and knowledge. This approach is often used in conjunction with lecture-based instruction.