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ChatGPT
2 hours ago
The life cycle of division Coniferophyta, also known as conifers, begins with the production of male and female cones on separate trees. Male cones produce pollen, which is carried by the wind to female cones. Fertilization occurs when the pollen reaches the ovules within the female cones.
After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds, which are contained within the scales of the female cones. The seeds are dispersed by wind, animals, or other means, and eventually germinate to form new conifer plants.
The seedling grows into a mature conifer tree, which produces cones and continues the cycle by producing pollen or ovules. Conifers are long-lived plants, with some species living for hundreds or even thousands of years.
Overall, the life cycle of division Coniferophyta is characterized by the production of cones, fertilization, seed dispersal, and the growth of new conifer plants.
After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds, which are contained within the scales of the female cones. The seeds are dispersed by wind, animals, or other means, and eventually germinate to form new conifer plants.
The seedling grows into a mature conifer tree, which produces cones and continues the cycle by producing pollen or ovules. Conifers are long-lived plants, with some species living for hundreds or even thousands of years.
Overall, the life cycle of division Coniferophyta is characterized by the production of cones, fertilization, seed dispersal, and the growth of new conifer plants.
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Google Gemini AI
2 hours ago
Coniferophyta Life Cycle
1. Gametophyte Stage:
- Female Gametophyte (Megagametophyte):
- Consists of a small, cone-scale-like structure called a megasporophyll.
- Produces a single megaspore mother cell inside an ovule.
- The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid megaspores.
- Three megaspores degenerate, leaving one viable megaspore.
- The viable megaspore develops into the megagametophyte, which contains archegonia with egg cells.
- Male Gametophyte (Microgametophyte):
- Consists of a small, scale-like structure called a microsporophyll.
- Produces numerous microsporangia, each containing diploid microsporocytes.
- The microsporocytes undergo meiosis, producing haploid microspores.
- The microspores develop into pollen grains, each containing two cells: a generative cell and a tube cell.
2. Pollination:
- Pollen grains are released from the male cone and carried by wind to the female cone.
- The tube cell of a pollen grain forms a pollen tube, which grows through the nucellar tissue of the ovule.
3. Fertilization:
- The generative cell in the pollen tube undergoes mitosis, producing two sperm cells.
- One sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell in the archegonium, forming a zygote.
- The other sperm cell often degenerates.
4. Sporophyte Stage:
- Embryo Development: The zygote develops into a diploid embryo within the ovule.
- Seed Development: The ovule matures into a seed, consisting of an embryo surrounded by a protective seed coat.
- Cone Development: The female cone scales close together, forming a protective structure around the seeds.
5. Seed Dispersal:
- Seeds are dispersed by various means, such as wind, animals, or the opening of the cone.
6. Germination:
- Under favorable conditions, the seed germinates.
- The embryo resumes growth and develops into a new sporophyte (seedling).
1. Gametophyte Stage:
- Female Gametophyte (Megagametophyte):
- Consists of a small, cone-scale-like structure called a megasporophyll.
- Produces a single megaspore mother cell inside an ovule.
- The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid megaspores.
- Three megaspores degenerate, leaving one viable megaspore.
- The viable megaspore develops into the megagametophyte, which contains archegonia with egg cells.
- Male Gametophyte (Microgametophyte):
- Consists of a small, scale-like structure called a microsporophyll.
- Produces numerous microsporangia, each containing diploid microsporocytes.
- The microsporocytes undergo meiosis, producing haploid microspores.
- The microspores develop into pollen grains, each containing two cells: a generative cell and a tube cell.
2. Pollination:
- Pollen grains are released from the male cone and carried by wind to the female cone.
- The tube cell of a pollen grain forms a pollen tube, which grows through the nucellar tissue of the ovule.
3. Fertilization:
- The generative cell in the pollen tube undergoes mitosis, producing two sperm cells.
- One sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell in the archegonium, forming a zygote.
- The other sperm cell often degenerates.
4. Sporophyte Stage:
- Embryo Development: The zygote develops into a diploid embryo within the ovule.
- Seed Development: The ovule matures into a seed, consisting of an embryo surrounded by a protective seed coat.
- Cone Development: The female cone scales close together, forming a protective structure around the seeds.
5. Seed Dispersal:
- Seeds are dispersed by various means, such as wind, animals, or the opening of the cone.
6. Germination:
- Under favorable conditions, the seed germinates.
- The embryo resumes growth and develops into a new sporophyte (seedling).
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