Toini Amwele
8 hours ago
Describe the four main routes by which hazardous substances can enter the body and provide references.
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8 hours ago
There are four main routes by which hazardous substances can enter the body:
1. Inhalation: Hazardous substances can enter the body through inhalation of contaminated air or aerosols. This route is common in occupational settings where workers may be exposed to airborne chemicals or particles. Examples of substances that can be inhaled include asbestos fibers, fumes from welding, and airborne pesticides.
2. Ingestion: Hazardous substances can enter the body through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or other substances. This route is common in cases of accidental ingestion or consumption of contaminated food or water. Examples of substances that can be ingested include lead in drinking water, pesticides on fruits and vegetables, and mercury in fish.
3. Dermal absorption: Hazardous substances can enter the body through direct contact with the skin. This route is common in occupational settings where workers may come into contact with chemicals or other hazardous substances. Examples of substances that can be absorbed through the skin include pesticides, solvents, and heavy metals.
4. Injection: Hazardous substances can enter the body through injection, either intentionally (e.g. drug use) or accidentally (e.g. needle sticks). This route is common in healthcare settings where workers may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens. Examples of substances that can be injected include drugs, contaminated needles, and biological fluids.
References:
1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2018). Routes of Entry. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/rte/
2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (n.d.). Routes of Entry. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospital/hazards/chem/chem.html
1. Inhalation: Hazardous substances can enter the body through inhalation of contaminated air or aerosols. This route is common in occupational settings where workers may be exposed to airborne chemicals or particles. Examples of substances that can be inhaled include asbestos fibers, fumes from welding, and airborne pesticides.
2. Ingestion: Hazardous substances can enter the body through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or other substances. This route is common in cases of accidental ingestion or consumption of contaminated food or water. Examples of substances that can be ingested include lead in drinking water, pesticides on fruits and vegetables, and mercury in fish.
3. Dermal absorption: Hazardous substances can enter the body through direct contact with the skin. This route is common in occupational settings where workers may come into contact with chemicals or other hazardous substances. Examples of substances that can be absorbed through the skin include pesticides, solvents, and heavy metals.
4. Injection: Hazardous substances can enter the body through injection, either intentionally (e.g. drug use) or accidentally (e.g. needle sticks). This route is common in healthcare settings where workers may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens. Examples of substances that can be injected include drugs, contaminated needles, and biological fluids.
References:
1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2018). Routes of Entry. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/rte/
2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (n.d.). Routes of Entry. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospital/hazards/chem/chem.html
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Toini Amwele
7 hours ago
Describe the term toxicology, describe 3 systems of human body and describe the mechanism of poisoning by hazardous substances and describe 4 main routes by which hazardous substances can enter the body and provide conclusion?
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