Describe the basic tenets of the following schools of Psychology 1. Existentialism school 2. Gestalt school?

1. Existentialism school of Psychology:
Existentialism is a philosophical and psychological approach that focuses on the individual's experience of existence and the search for meaning in life. In psychology, existentialism emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility, freedom of choice, and the individual's ability to create their own meaning in life. Existential psychologists believe that individuals have the power to shape their own destinies and that they must confront the inherent uncertainties and challenges of existence in order to live authentically. Key concepts in existential psychology include the importance of personal values, the search for meaning in life, and the acceptance of the inevitability of death.

2. Gestalt school of Psychology:
Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of understanding the whole of an experience or phenomenon, rather than focusing solely on its individual parts. The word "Gestalt" is German for "whole" or "form," and Gestalt psychologists believe that the mind perceives and organizes sensory information in a holistic manner. According to Gestalt psychology, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and individuals perceive objects, events, and experiences as unified wholes rather than as a collection of separate elements. Key concepts in Gestalt psychology include the principles of figure-ground perception, closure, proximity, and similarity, as well as the idea that perception is influenced by context and the individual's subjective experience. Gestalt psychologists also emphasize the importance of studying behavior in its natural context and the role of perception, cognition, and emotion in shaping human experience.

1. Existentialism School

Basic Tenets:

- Emphasis on Individuality: Focuses on the uniqueness and subjective experience of each individual.
- Free Will and Responsibility: Individuals have complete freedom to make choices and are responsible for the consequences.
- Meaning and Purpose: Human existence is characterized by a search for meaning and fulfillment.
- Anxiety and Absurdity: Life is often filled with anxiety and absurdity, which can be both confronting and motivating.
- Authenticity: Individuals should strive to live authentically, true to their own values and beliefs.
- Phenomenological Approach: Explores the conscious experiences of individuals in the present moment.

2. Gestalt School

Basic Tenets:

- Holistic Perspective: Emphasizes the importance of viewing the whole organism as a unified entity.
- Perception as Organization: Perception is not the sum of individual sensory impressions, but a meaningful and organized whole.
- Law of Prägnanz: The mind strives to organize stimuli in the simplest and most meaningful way possible.
- Figure-Ground Phenomena: The perception of an object or figure stands out from its background, creating a sense of contrast and depth.
- Insight Learning: Learning occurs suddenly through a process of reorganization and restructuring of perceptions.
- Unconscious Processes: The mind operates on both conscious and unconscious levels, with unconscious processes influencing perception and behavior.