Define dermatitis. Describe the clinical presentation of a patient with contact irritant dermatitis. Describe five cutaneous drug eruptions.

Dermatitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the skin. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including irritants, allergens, infections, and underlying health conditions.

Contact irritant dermatitis is a type of dermatitis that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a substance that irritates it. Common irritants include soaps, detergents, solvents, and certain plants. The clinical presentation of a patient with contact irritant dermatitis may include redness, swelling, itching, and sometimes blistering of the affected skin. The skin may also feel dry, cracked, and painful.

Five cutaneous drug eruptions include:

1. Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A severe and potentially life-threatening skin reaction that can be triggered by certain medications. It is characterized by a painful rash that can progress to blistering and peeling of the skin.

2. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: A rare but serious reaction to certain medications that can cause a widespread rash, fever, and organ involvement.

3. Fixed drug eruption: A type of allergic reaction to a medication that causes red or purple patches to appear on the skin. These patches may recur in the same location each time the medication is taken.

4. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: A rare form of lupus that is triggered by certain medications. It can cause a variety of skin symptoms, including a butterfly-shaped rash on the face.

5. Erythema multiforme: A skin condition that can be triggered by infections or medications. It is characterized by the sudden onset of red, raised patches or blisters on the skin, often in a target-like pattern.

Dermatitis

Dermatitis refers to inflammation of the skin. It can be classified into two primary types:

- Contact dermatitis: Inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen.
- Eczema: Chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by redness, itching, and scaling.

Clinical Presentation of Contact Irritant Dermatitis

- Sudden onset of symptoms after exposure to an irritant
- Erythema (redness)
- Edema (swelling)
- Vesicles (small blisters)
- Pain or burning sensation
- The affected area corresponds to the site of contact

Five Cutaneous Drug Eruptions

1. Erythema multiforme: A bullous skin reaction characterized by target-like lesions on the skin and mucous membranes.
2. Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A severe skin reaction with widespread blisters, erosions, and mucosal involvement.
3. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: The most severe cutaneous drug eruption, characterized by widespread skin loss and blistering.
4. Fixed drug eruption: A localized skin reaction that occurs at the same site each time a specific drug is taken.
5. Photoallergic contact dermatitis: A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction involving a drug triggered by sunlight.