What are the granulocytes ?

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that contain granules in their cytoplasm. There are three main types of granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells play a key role in the immune system by helping to fight off infections and foreign invaders. Granulocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are an important part of the body's defense against pathogens.

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules that stain with either acidic or basic dyes. They are further classified into three main types based on the staining properties of their granules:

1. Neutrophils:
- Most abundant granulocytes
- Stain light pink with neutral dyes
- Contain granules filled with antimicrobial proteins and enzymes

2. Eosinophils:
- Smaller than neutrophils
- Stain bright red with acidic dyes
- Contain granules filled with proteins that are toxic to parasites

3. Basophils:
- Least abundant granulocytes
- Stain dark blue with basic dyes
- Contain granules filled with histamine and heparin, which are involved in allergic and inflammatory responses

Functions of Granulocytes:

- Neutrophils: Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria and fungi
- Eosinophils: Defense against parasitic infections and allergic reactions
- Basophils: Release histamine and heparin, which promote vasodilation and increased blood flow in response to inflammation

Characteristics of Granulocytes:

- Have a nucleus with 2-5 lobes
- Cytoplasm contains granules that are filled with various proteins and enzymes
- Migrate from the bone marrow to the circulation and tissues during infection or inflammation
- Have a short lifespan (hours to days)