1. Resources: These are the inputs used in the production of goods and services, including natural resources, labor, capital, and technology.
2. Production: This involves the process of transforming resources into goods and services that can be consumed or used for further production.
3. Distribution: This refers to the allocation of goods and services to consumers through various channels, such as markets, government programs, or social welfare systems.
4. Consumption: This is the process by which individuals and households use goods and services to satisfy their needs and wants.
5. Exchange: This involves the trading of goods and services between producers, consumers, and other economic agents, often facilitated by markets or other institutions.
6. Competition: This is the rivalry between producers and sellers in the market, which helps to drive innovation, efficiency, and lower prices for consumers.
7. Government: This includes the role of government in regulating and overseeing the economy, providing public goods and services, and implementing policies to promote economic growth and stability.
8. Financial system: This includes the institutions and mechanisms that facilitate the flow of funds between savers and borrowers, such as banks, financial markets, and monetary policy.
9. Economic institutions: These are the formal and informal rules, norms, and organizations that shape economic behavior and interactions, such as property rights, contracts, and business associations.
2. Production: - Process of converting resources into goods and services - Methods: agriculture, manufacturing, service industry
3. Distribution: - Process of allocating goods and services among consumers - Methods: markets, government programs
4. Consumption: - Final stage of the economic cycle - Consumers use goods and services to satisfy wants and needs
5. Institutions: - Organizations and structures that shape economic activity - Examples: businesses, governments, regulatory agencies
6. Markets: - Platforms where buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods and services - Types: perfect markets, imperfect markets
7. Money: - Medium of exchange that facilitates transactions - Functions: store of value, unit of account
8. Prices: - Signals that convey information about supply and demand - Determine the allocation of resources
9. Government: - Plays a role in economic regulation, taxation, and provision of public services - Can influence production, distribution, and consumption
10. Technology: - Advances that improve productivity and efficiency - Impacts production methods, resource use, and consumption patterns