Cognitive Psychology
Prominent Cognitive Psychologists:
- Robert Mills Gagné
- Marriner David Merrill
- Charles Reigeluth
- Roger Schank
- Jean Piaget
- Jerome Bruner
Memory
Social Cognitive Approach
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- Albert Bandura - Lev Vygotsky - John Dewey - George Kelly - Julian Rotter - Walter Mischel
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Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes, including memory, attention, language, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Prominent Cognitive Psychologists
- Robert Mills Gagné: Developed the Gagné Nine Events of Instruction, a theory of instructional design based on cognitive psychology. - Marriner David Merrill: Developed the Component Display Theory, a theory of instructional design that focuses on the presentation of information in a way that is easy for learners to understand. - Charles Reigeluth: Developed the Elaboration Theory of Instruction, a theory of instructional design that emphasizes the importance of elaborating on information to help learners retain it. - Roger Schank: Developed the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, which explains how people learn from multimedia presentations. - Jean Piaget: Proposed a theory of cognitive development in children, describing how their thinking changes as they grow. - Jerome Bruner: Developed the Scaffolding Theory of Learning, which explains how teachers can help students learn by providing them with support that is gradually reduced as they become more competent.
Memory
Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information. It is a complex process that involves encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- Encoding: The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in the brain. - Storage: The process of retaining information in the brain. - Retrieval: The process of accessing information that has been stored in the brain.
Social Cognitive Approach
The social cognitive approach to learning emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning. It proposes that people learn by observing and imitating others, and by being guided by their social experiences. This approach has been used to explain a wide range of learning phenomena, such as aggression, prosocial behavior, and moral development.