1. Systematic and organized: Research follows a structured and organized approach, with clear objectives, methodologies, and procedures.
2. Objective and unbiased: Research aims to gather and analyze data in an objective and unbiased manner, without any personal or subjective influence.
3. Empirical: Research is based on empirical evidence, which means it relies on observations, experiments, or data collected from real-world sources.
4. Replicable: Research should be replicable, meaning that other researchers should be able to reproduce the study and obtain similar results.
5. Rigorous and valid: Research should adhere to rigorous standards and use valid methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the findings.
6. Ethical: Research should be conducted ethically, respecting the rights and well-being of participants, and following ethical guidelines and regulations.
7. Cumulative: Research builds upon existing knowledge and contributes to the body of knowledge in a particular field, often through the use of literature reviews and referencing previous studies.
8. Analytical and critical: Research involves the analysis and interpretation of data, using critical thinking skills to draw conclusions and make informed judgments.
9. Time-bound: Research is typically conducted within a specific timeframe, with defined start and end dates, to ensure efficiency and manage resources effectively.
10. Communicative: Research findings are typically communicated through research papers, reports, or presentations, allowing other researchers and the wider community to benefit from the knowledge generated.