Bronchitis is typically caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold or influenza. However, it can also be caused by bacterial infections, exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution, or underlying medical conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other risk factors for developing bronchitis include a weakened immune system, frequent respiratory infections, and being a smoker.
- Smoking: Main risk factor - Air pollution: Exposure to ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide - Exposure to occupational irritants: Dust, fumes, chemicals in workplaces - Passive smoke exposure: Inhaling secondhand smoke
Other Causes:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the bronchi and lead to inflammation - Allergies: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander can trigger an inflammatory response in the airways - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A group of lung conditions that can cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, including chronic bronchitis - Immunodeficiency: Compromised immune systems (e.g., HIV/AIDS) can make individuals more susceptible to bronchitis - Certain medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and some antibiotics