By using formulas, how to calculate the following terms: engine capacity, compression ratio, clearance volume, and piston displacement?

1. Engine Capacity:
Engine capacity, also known as engine displacement, is the total volume of all the cylinders in an engine. It is calculated using the formula:

Engine Capacity = (π/4) x B^2 x S x N

Where:
- B is the bore of the cylinder (diameter of the cylinder)
- S is the stroke of the piston
- N is the number of cylinders in the engine

2. Compression Ratio:
Compression ratio is the ratio of the maximum volume of the combustion chamber to the minimum volume of the combustion chamber. It is calculated using the formula:

Compression Ratio = (V1 + CV) / CV

Where:
- V1 is the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom dead center
- CV is the clearance volume (volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the top dead center)

3. Clearance Volume:
Clearance volume is the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the top dead center. It is calculated using the formula:

Clearance Volume = (π/4) x B^2 x S

Where:
- B is the bore of the cylinder
- S is the stroke of the piston

4. Piston Displacement:
Piston displacement is the volume of the cylinder swept by the piston during one stroke. It is calculated using the formula:

Piston Displacement = (π/4) x B^2 x S

Where:
- B is the bore of the cylinder
- S is the stroke of the piston

Engine Capacity (Displacement)

```
Engine Capacity = (Bore Area × Stroke) × Number of Cylinders
```

Where:

- Bore Area = π × (Bore Diameter / 2)²
- Bore Diameter = Diameter of the cylinder bore in mm
- Stroke = Distance the piston travels from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC) in mm
- Number of Cylinders = Number of cylinders in the engine

Compression Ratio

```
Compression Ratio = (Total Volume of Cylinder) / (Clearance Volume)
```

Where:

- Total Volume of Cylinder = Engine Capacity + Clearance Volume
- Clearance Volume = Volume of the cylinder when the piston is at TDC

Clearance Volume

```
Clearance Volume = (Total Volume of Cylinder) / (Compression Ratio)
```

Piston Displacement

```
Piston Displacement = (Bore Area × Stroke)
```

Where:

- Bore Area and Stroke are defined as above

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