According to Shula Marks and Trapido, class, race, and gender all played significant roles in the South African War of 1899-1902.
Class: The war was largely driven by economic interests and class divisions. The British colonial government and mining companies sought to control the rich mineral resources in the region, leading to conflicts with the Boer republics. The British elite, including mine owners and politicians, saw the war as an opportunity to expand their economic interests and maintain control over the region. On the other hand, the Boer republics represented the interests of the rural farming class, who feared British encroachment on their land and way of life.
Race: The war was also deeply influenced by racial tensions and the legacy of colonialism. The British colonial government and its supporters viewed the Boers as racially inferior and sought to assert British dominance over them. The war was, therefore, seen as a struggle for racial supremacy, with the British aiming to extend their control over the Boer republics and their predominantly white population. Additionally, the war had severe consequences for the African population, who were caught in the crossfire and experienced displacement, forced labor, and violence.
Gender: Gender dynamics also played a role in the war. Women on both sides of the conflict were actively involved in supporting their respective causes. Boer women played a crucial role in supporting their husbands and soldiers, providing supplies, nursing the wounded, and even participating in combat. British women also played a role in supporting the war effort, fundraising, and providing medical aid. However, their roles were often limited to supporting the male soldiers, and their contributions were often overlooked or downplayed.
Overall, the South African War of 1899-1902 was shaped by complex interactions between class, race, and gender. Economic interests, racial tensions, and gender roles all contributed to the causes, conduct, and consequences of the war.