A) Given the roots Klm 'speak' ksr 'Break' zr 'pull' and the information that (i) the passive vocalive melody is uia and the passive skeletal template is CVCVCV, how does one say 'it was pulled'?

To say "it was pulled" using the given roots and information, we would first need to apply the passive vocalive melody uia to the roots.

- Klm + uia = Kluima (meaning "to speak" in the passive vocalive form)
- ksr + uia = ksruia (meaning "to break" in the passive vocalive form)
- zr + uia = zruia (meaning "to pull" in the passive vocalive form)

Next, we would need to apply the passive skeletal template CVCVCV to the passive vocalive forms of the roots:

- Kluima = K-lu-i-m-a
- ksruia = ks-ru-i-a
- zruia = zr-u-i-a

Therefore, to say "it was pulled" in this language, we would combine the passive vocalive form of the root "pull" (zruia) with the passive skeletal template:

- zruia = zr-u-i-a
- Passive skeletal template CVCVCV = CVCVCV

Putting it all together, "it was pulled" in this language would be: zruiama.

Passive is formed in Proto-Sino-Tibetan by adding the melody `uia` and changing a final consonant to a vowel.

Example:
- `zr` 'pull'
- passive: `zuia`

However, the passive `skeletal` template is `CýCýCý`, not `CVCVCV`. Thus, if we apply that template to the passive form, we get:

- `zuia` → `zuýa` 'it was pulled'