1. Type of science: Earth science 2. Branches of Earth science: - Geology - Geophysics - Oceanography - Atmospheric science 3. Geology: The study of the Earth and its processes 4. Internal structure: The arrangement of materials within the Earth, including the core, mantle, and crust 5. Petrology: The study of rocks, their formation, and their composition 6. Mineralogy: The study of minerals, their formation, and their composition 7. Petroleum geology: The study of oil and gas formations and their extraction 8. Structural geology: The study of the deformation of the Earth's crust and the structures formed by this deformation 9. Hydrogeology: The study of groundwater and its interaction with the Earth's surface and subsurface 10. Paleontology: The study of ancient life forms and their evolution 11. Stratigraphy: The study of the layers of rock that make up the Earth's crust and their relationships to each other