Roles of water in plants and animals

Roles of Water in Plants

- Photosynthesis: Water is the primary reactant in photosynthesis, where it is split into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen ions are used to reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, while the oxygen is released as a byproduct.
- Transpiration: Water is transpired by leaves through stomata, creating a "pull" that draws water and nutrients up the plant from the roots.
- Turgidity: Water provides support and stiffness to plant cells, maintaining their shape and allowing for growth.
- Nutrient transport: Dissolved minerals and nutrients are transported throughout the plant dissolved in water.
- Temperature regulation: Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature. This helps regulate plant temperatures by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night.
- Lubrication: Water provides a slippery surface for movement of ions and molecules within plant cells.

Roles of Water in Animals

- Metabolism: Water is a solvent for many biochemical reactions and a reactant in many metabolic pathways.
- Circulation: Water is a major component of blood and lymph, which transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
- Temperature regulation: Water has a high specific heat and evaporative cooling capacity, which helps animals regulate their body temperature through sweating, panting, or saliva evaporation.
- Lubrication: Water lubricates joints, protects tissues from friction, and facilitates movement.
- Waste removal: Water is a carrier of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and ammonia, which are excreted in urine.
- Hydration: Water maintains the proper hydration of cells, ensuring their proper function and survival.
- Digestion: Water helps break down food by dissolving digestive enzymes and transporting them throughout the digestive tract.
- Reproduction: Water is a component of semen and gametes, facilitating reproduction.