Write the background,Introduction ,reference bookand the main objective of the scenario conflict between sudan and suouth sudan?

Background:
The conflict between Sudan and South Sudan dates back to the colonial era when the British and Egyptians ruled over the region. After gaining independence in 1956, tensions between the Arab-dominated government in Khartoum and the predominantly Christian and animist population in the south escalated, leading to two civil wars that lasted for decades. In 2011, South Sudan finally gained independence following a referendum, but the two countries have continued to face numerous challenges, including border disputes, oil revenue sharing, and ethnic conflicts.

Introduction:
The conflict between Sudan and South Sudan is a complex and long-standing issue that has had devastating consequences for both countries. The two nations have struggled to find common ground on key issues such as the demarcation of their shared border, the distribution of oil revenues, and the status of the disputed region of Abyei. The ongoing conflict has resulted in widespread violence, displacement of civilians, and humanitarian crises, making it one of the most pressing challenges in the region.

Reference book:
One of the key reference books on the conflict between Sudan and South Sudan is "Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know" by Andrew S. Natsios. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background, political dynamics, and key issues at stake in the conflict between the two countries. It also offers insights into potential solutions and pathways to peace.

Main objective:
The main objective of addressing the conflict between Sudan and South Sudan is to promote peace, stability, and development in the region. This includes resolving border disputes, ensuring equitable distribution of oil revenues, and addressing the root causes of ethnic and political tensions. By finding sustainable solutions to the conflict, both countries can work towards building a more peaceful and prosperous future for their citizens.

Background:

After gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1956, Sudan experienced a series of civil wars between the Arab North and the Christian and animist South. The conflict was rooted in cultural, political, and economic differences.

In 2005, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) ended the war and provided for a referendum on South Sudan's independence. In 2011, South Sudan voted overwhelmingly for independence and became a sovereign state.

Introduction:

Despite the CPA, tensions between Sudan and South Sudan continued. Disputes over oil, border demarcation, and citizenship sparked armed conflicts and led to heightened diplomatic tensions.

Conflict Scenario:

In 2012, fighting erupted along the contested border between Sudan and South Sudan. Sudan accused South Sudan of supporting rebels in its Darfur region, while South Sudan claimed Sudan was backing rebels in its Unity and Upper Nile states.

The conflict intensified in 2013 when Sudan closed oil pipelines from South Sudan. South Sudan retaliated by seizing Sudanese oil fields in the Heglig region.

International mediation efforts failed to resolve the crisis, and the conflict remained unresolved for several years.

Main Objective:

The main objective of the conflict from both Sudan's and South Sudan's perspectives was to gain control over disputed territories and resources, including oil, land, and access to water. The conflict also had political and ideological dimensions, as both governments sought to assert their sovereignty and control over their populations.

Reference Book:

- Alex de Waal, "The Situation in Sudan and South Sudan: A Background Paper for the UN Security Council" (2013)