Write notes on germplasm storage on low pressure Vs low oxygen?

Germplasm storage on low pressure:

- Low pressure storage involves storing germplasm at reduced atmospheric pressure, typically below normal atmospheric pressure.
- This method is commonly used for long-term storage of germplasm, as it helps to slow down metabolic processes and reduce degradation of genetic material.
- Low pressure storage is effective in preserving the viability and genetic integrity of germplasm for extended periods of time.
- It is important to maintain a controlled environment with low pressure levels to ensure the quality and viability of the stored germplasm.
- Low pressure storage is commonly used for storing seeds, plant tissues, and other genetic materials in gene banks and seed vaults.

Germplasm storage on low oxygen:

- Low oxygen storage involves storing germplasm in an environment with reduced oxygen levels, typically below normal atmospheric levels.
- This method is effective in slowing down metabolic processes and reducing oxidative damage to genetic material.
- Low oxygen storage is commonly used for preserving germplasm that is sensitive to oxygen and prone to degradation.
- It is important to maintain a controlled environment with low oxygen levels to ensure the viability and genetic integrity of the stored germplasm.
- Low oxygen storage is commonly used for storing seeds, plant tissues, and other genetic materials in gene banks and seed vaults.

Germplasm Storage in Low Pressure

- Reduces oxygen partial pressure, slowing metabolic activity and senescence
- Typically achieved through vacuum sealed containers or controlled atmosphere storage
- Extends storage life by reducing respiration rates and ethylene production
- Maintains seed viability and gene integrity
- Suitable for short- or medium-term storage (e.g., a few years to a few decades)

Germplasm Storage in Low Oxygen

- Controls oxygen levels within sealed containers or chambers
- Achieved through oxygen scavengers (e.g., active carbon, palladium), gas flushing, or inert gases
- Prevents oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation
- Allows for longer-term storage (e.g., decades or longer)
- Reduces the risk of seed deterioration and preserves seed quality
- May be combined with low temperature storage for optimal results

Comparison

| Feature | Low Pressure | Low Oxygen |
|---|---|---|
| Storage duration | Short- to medium-term | Long-term |
| Oxidation control | Indirectly reduced | Direct control |
| Suitability | Seeds, tissues | Seeds, pollen, embryos |
| Hardware requirements | Vacuum sealers, controlled atmosphere storage | Sealed containers, oxygen scavengers |
| Cost | Relatively lower | Relatively higher |
| Advantages | Extends storage life, reduces respiration | Preserves seed quality, prevents oxidation |
| Disadvantages | Limited storage duration, potential for genetic damage at very low pressures | Requires technical expertise, specialized equipment |

Conclusion

Both low pressure and low oxygen storage techniques offer effective means for germplasm preservation. The choice between the two depends on the intended storage duration, target material, and available resources. Low pressure storage is typically suitable for medium-term storage, while low oxygen storage is recommended for long-term preservation.