Write concise notes on how the following salient features of African political influence most of the African political landscape 1.crises legitimacy? 2.corruption and monetized politics? ?

1. Crises of legitimacy: Many African countries struggle with issues of legitimacy, often due to contested elections, lack of transparency, and human rights abuses. This leads to political instability and undermines the credibility of the government in the eyes of the people.

2. Corruption and monetized politics: Corruption is rampant in many African countries, with politicians using their positions for personal gain rather than serving the interests of the people. This leads to a lack of accountability and transparency in government, as well as a culture of patronage and clientelism. Monetized politics, where money plays a significant role in elections and political decision-making, further exacerbates these issues and hinders democratic processes.

1. Crisis of Legitimacy

- Lack of trust in political institutions and leaders due to:
- Authoritarian rule and suppression of dissent
- Electoral fraud and rigging
- Unresponsiveness to citizen needs
- Ethnic and religious divisions
- Weak accountability mechanisms, allowing leaders to evade responsibility
- Erodes public confidence in government and undermines stability

2. Corruption and Monetized Politics

- Widespread corruption involving bribery, extortion, and misuse of public funds
- Patronage-based politics, where individuals and groups support parties or candidates in exchange for rewards
- Influence of wealthy individuals and corporations in political processes
- Undermines transparency, accountability, and the rule of law
- Perpetuates poverty and inequality and hinders economic development