50 Points, Additives, or Excipients Used in Tablet Manufacturing
1. Binders: Acacia, cellulose acetate phthalate, dextrin, gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, starch
2. Disintegrants: Calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate
3. Fillers: Calcium phosphate, cellulose, lactose, magnesium carbonate, talc
4. Glidants: Colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, talc
5. Lubricants: Magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid
6. Opacifiers: Calcium sulfate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide
7. Plasticizers: Diethyl phthalate, glycerol, propylene glycol, triethyl citrate
8. Solvents: Alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, isopropanol, water
9. Sweeteners: Aspartame, saccharin sodium, sucralose
10. Flavors: Natural and artificial flavors
11. Colors: FD&C dyes, iron oxides, titanium dioxide
12. Antioxidants: Ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
13. Preservatives: Benzoic acid, methylparaben, propylparaben
14. Emulsifiers: Polysorbate 80, sodium lauryl sulfate
15. Surfactants: Tween 20, Tween 80
16. Adsorbents: Activated charcoal, bentonite, kaolin
17. Antifoaming agents: Dimethicone, simethicone
18. Buffering agents: Citric acid, monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate
19. Chelating agents: Disodium edetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
20. Coating agents: Enteric coating materials, film-forming polymers, polishing agents
21. Compression aids: Mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol
22. Controlled-release agents: Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methacrylate copolymers
23. Dispersing agents: Sodium alginate, sodium lauryl sulfate
24. Dye fixatives: Aluminium hydroxide, tannic acid
25. Film-forming agents: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol
26. Gelling agents: Gelatin, locust bean gum, tragacanth
27. Humectants: Glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol
28. Lubricating agents: Magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid
29. Ointment bases: Petrolatum, lanolin, white soft paraffin
30. Ophthalmic solutions: Artificial tears, boric acid, sodium chloride
31. Parenteral solutions: Dextrose, glucose, sodium chloride
32. Pediatric suspensions: Acacia, sorbitol, sucrose
33. Suppositories: Cocoa butter, gelatin, polyethylene glycol
34. Transdermal patches: Acrylate copolymers, silicone adhesives
35. Sustained-release systems: Hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethylcellulose
36. Osmotic systems: Cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol
37. Magnetic drug delivery: Iron oxide nanoparticles
38. Nanoparticles: Lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, quantum dots
39. Micelles: Polymeric micelles, lipid micelles
40. Liposomes: Phospholipids, cholesterol
41. Dendrimers: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers
42. Carbon nanotubes: Single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes
43. Graphene: Graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots
44. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), MIL-101
45. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): Porphyrin-based COFs, triazine-based COFs
46. Hydrotalcites: Magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides
47. Montmorillonite: Smectite clay
48. Zeolite: Clinoptilolite, mordenite
49. Biopolymers: Chitosan, alginate, collagen
50. Natural products: Curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate
References:
1. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 23rd Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 9th Edition