With vivid examples, how do educational managers prefer to use the classical management school in Tanzanian secondary and primary schools?

Educational managers in Tanzanian secondary and primary schools often prefer to use the classical management school principles in various ways to ensure effective and efficient operations. Some examples include:

1. Division of labor: Educational managers may divide tasks and responsibilities among staff members based on their skills and expertise. For example, teachers may be assigned specific subjects to teach based on their qualifications and experience. This helps to streamline operations and ensure that each staff member is focused on their specific role.

2. Hierarchy of authority: Educational managers establish clear lines of authority and communication within the school structure. For example, there may be a principal at the top of the hierarchy, followed by vice principals, department heads, and teachers. This helps to ensure that decisions are made efficiently and that communication flows smoothly throughout the organization.

3. Unity of command: Educational managers ensure that each staff member reports to only one supervisor. This helps to prevent confusion and conflicting instructions, ensuring that staff members know who they are accountable to and who they should seek guidance from.

4. Scalar chain: Educational managers establish a clear chain of command and communication within the organization. For example, if a teacher has a concern, they may first bring it to their department head, who will then escalate it to the principal if necessary. This helps to ensure that information is communicated effectively and that decisions are made at the appropriate level.

Overall, educational managers in Tanzanian schools prefer to use the classical management school principles to create a structured and organized environment that promotes efficiency, accountability, and effective communication. By implementing these principles, they can ensure that the school operates smoothly and that students receive a high-quality education.

Classical Management School Principles

The classical management school emphasizes principles, structure, and scientific management to optimize productivity and efficiency. Key principles include:

- Specialization: Dividing tasks into smaller, specialized roles to enhance efficiency.
- Hierarchy: Establishing a clear chain of command with authority flowing from top to bottom.
- Unity of Command: Employees should report to only one supervisor to avoid confusion and conflict.
- Unity of Direction: All employees should work towards common goals and objectives.
- Scientific Management: Using scientific methods to study and improve work processes.

Applications in Tanzanian Secondary and Primary Schools

Specialization:

- Dividing subjects into specific disciplines (e.g., Math, Science, English) with trained teachers specializing in each subject.
- Creating departments headed by subject coordinators who oversee teaching and curriculum development in their respective domains.

Hierarchy:

- Establishing a clear hierarchy with the school principal as the top authority, followed by heads of departments, senior teachers, and teachers.
- Delegating authority and responsibilities to subordinates based on their levels in the hierarchy.

Unity of Command:

- Ensuring that teachers report directly to their department heads or the school principal.
- Avoid assigning multiple supervisors to the same teacher to prevent confusion and conflicts.

Unity of Direction:

- Setting clear school goals and objectives that guide all teaching and learning activities.
- Developing a cohesive curriculum and pedagogy that aligns with the school's mission and goals.

Scientific Management:

- Analyzing student performance data to identify areas for improvement.
- Using research-based teaching methods to enhance student learning and engagement.
- Implementing performance evaluation systems to assess teacher effectiveness and provide feedback for improvement.

Examples:

- Makongo Secondary School: Implementing a departmental structure with subject coordinators responsible for managing curriculum, assessment, and professional development within their respective disciplines.
- Mwanga Primary School: Establishing a clear hierarchy with the school principal, deputy heads, teachers, and support staff reporting through specific lines of authority.
- Masasi Secondary School: Using student performance data to identify struggling students and providing targeted support through after-school programs and tailored instruction.
- Iringa Boys' High School: Conducting regular teacher evaluations based on established criteria to provide feedback for professional growth and improve teaching practices.