With two examples each, describe word-formation processes.

1. Derivation:
- Example 1: The noun "friend" can be transformed into the adjective "friendly" by adding the suffix "-ly" to indicate a characteristic of being friendly.
- Example 2: The verb "act" can be transformed into the noun "actor" by adding the suffix "-or" to indicate a person who performs the action of acting.

2. Compounding:
- Example 1: The words "book" and "shelf" can be combined to form the compound word "bookshelf" to refer to a piece of furniture used for storing books.
- Example 2: The words "sun" and "glasses" can be combined to form the compound word "sunglasses" to refer to eyewear that protects the eyes from the sun.

1. Affixation

- Prefixation:
- Un- (e.g., uncomfortable, untidy)
- Re- (e.g., rebuild, rewrite)
- Suffixation:
- -ment (e.g., development, amusement)
- -less (e.g., useless, careless)

2. Compounding

- Noun-noun compounding:
- Red light, coffee cup
- Verb-noun compounding:
- Test tube, kitchen sink