With the aid of sketches, differentiate between the following as applied to transformers.

1. Core type transformer vs Shell type transformer:

Core type transformer:
- In a core type transformer, the windings surround the core.
- The core is made of laminated steel sheets stacked together to form a closed magnetic circuit.
- The windings are wound around the core in two separate coils, one for the primary winding and one for the secondary winding.
- Core type transformers are generally used for low voltage applications.

Shell type transformer:
- In a shell type transformer, the core surrounds the windings.
- The windings are placed inside the core, with the primary winding closest to the core and the secondary winding outside.
- The core is made of laminated steel sheets stacked together to form an open magnetic circuit.
- Shell type transformers are generally used for high voltage applications.

2. Step-up transformer vs Step-down transformer:

Step-up transformer:
- A step-up transformer increases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding.
- The number of turns in the secondary winding is greater than the number of turns in the primary winding.
- Step-up transformers are used to increase the voltage for long-distance power transmission.

Step-down transformer:
- A step-down transformer decreases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding.
- The number of turns in the secondary winding is less than the number of turns in the primary winding.
- Step-down transformers are used to decrease the voltage for distribution to homes and businesses.

1. Core Type and Shell Type Transformer

- Core Type Transformer:

- The magnetic core is surrounded by the windings.
- Windings are on the outside of the core.
- Provides better magnetic coupling, resulting in lower leakage flux.
- Used for high-power applications.

[Image of Core Type Transformer]

- Shell Type Transformer:

- The windings are surrounded by the magnetic core.
- Magnetic core is on the outside of the windings.
- Simpler to manufacture and more compact.
- Used for low-power applications.

[Image of Shell Type Transformer]

2. Step-Up and Step-Down Transformer

- Step-Up Transformer:

- Increases the voltage and decreases the current.
- Np > Ns
- Turns ratio (N/Ns) > 1
- Used to increase voltage levels for transmission or distribution.

[Image of Step-Up Transformer]

- Step-Down Transformer:

- Decreases the voltage and increases the current.
- Np < Ns
- Turns ratio (N/Ns) < 1
- Used to reduce voltage levels for distribution or end-use applications.

[Image of Step-Down Transformer]

3. Single-Phase and Three-Phase Transformer

- Single-Phase Transformer:

- Works on a single phase of a power system.
- Has two terminals for the primary and two terminals for the secondary.
- Used for small power applications.

[Image of Single-Phase Transformer]

- Three-Phase Transformer:

- Works on three phases of a power system.
- Has three terminals for both the primary and secondary windings.
- More efficient and powerful than single-phase transformers.
- Used for large power applications.

[Image of Three-Phase Transformer]