1. School manager: A school manager is an individual responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of a school, including managing staff, resources, and ensuring that the school meets its educational goals. They are typically in charge of budgeting, planning, and implementing policies to improve the overall functioning of the school.
2. School administrators: School administrators are individuals who hold leadership positions within a school, such as principals, vice-principals, deans, and department heads. They are responsible for managing various aspects of the school, including curriculum development, student discipline, staff supervision, and budgeting. School administrators work closely with teachers, parents, and other stakeholders to ensure the smooth operation of the school.
3. Internal environment: The internal environment of a school refers to the factors and conditions within the school that influence its operations and performance. This includes the school's organizational structure, culture, resources, policies, and procedures. The internal environment also encompasses the relationships between staff members, students, and other stakeholders within the school.
4. External environment: The external environment of a school refers to the factors and conditions outside of the school that can impact its operations and performance. This includes the community in which the school is located, government regulations, economic conditions, technological advancements, and societal trends. The external environment also includes relationships with external stakeholders, such as parents, businesses, and government agencies.
References:
- Gorton, R. A., & Alston, J. M. (2012). Social, economic, and environmental factors in the internal and external environment of schools. In Handbook of Research in Education Finance and Policy (pp. 189-204). Routledge.
- Leithwood, K., & Riehl, C. (2003). What we know about successful school leadership. Philadelphia, PA: Laboratory for Student Success.