With APA reference, discuss temporary presence, indirect access and participation as methods of conducting comparative education study?

Temporary presence, indirect access, and participation are three common methods used in conducting comparative education studies. Temporary presence involves researchers spending a short period of time in a country or region to gather data and conduct research. This method allows researchers to gain firsthand experience and insights into the education system of the country they are studying. Indirect access, on the other hand, involves researchers relying on existing data, reports, and literature to analyze and compare education systems. This method is useful when researchers are unable to physically visit a country or when access to data is limited. Lastly, participation involves researchers actively engaging with stakeholders in the education system, such as teachers, students, and policymakers, to gather information and insights. This method allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the context and dynamics of the education system they are studying.

In a comparative education study, researchers may choose to use one or a combination of these methods depending on their research questions, resources, and constraints. Each method has its own strengths and limitations, and researchers should carefully consider which method or combination of methods is most appropriate for their study.

Reference:

Bray, M., Adamson, B., & Mason, M. (2007). Comparative education research: Approaches and methods. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.