Why does water conduct electricity?

Water can conduct electricity because it contains charged particles called ions. These ions are formed when water molecules dissociate into positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) and negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-). When an electric current is applied to water, these ions are able to move and carry the charge, allowing the water to conduct electricity.

Water does not conduct electricity well on its own due to its polar nature. However, when ions (charged particles) are dissolved in water, they become hydrated, meaning they are surrounded by water molecules. These hydrated ions can move freely through the water, allowing an electric current to flow. The higher the concentration of ions in the water, the better the water conducts electricity.

For example, distilled water is a poor conductor of electricity because it contains very few ions. However, adding salt or other ionic compounds to the water increases its conductivity. Seawater is a good conductor of electricity because it contains a high concentration of ions.