Johnson Charles
Jun 7
Why ammonia is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvent like benzene?
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ChatGPT
Jun 7
Ammonia is soluble in water because it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Water molecules have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms, which can act as a hydrogen bond donor. This allows ammonia to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, making it soluble in water.
On the other hand, ammonia is insoluble in organic solvents like benzene because organic solvents do not have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with ammonia. Benzene is a nonpolar solvent, meaning it does not have any partial charges that can interact with the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of ammonia. Without the ability to form hydrogen bonds, ammonia is not able to dissolve in organic solvents like benzene.
On the other hand, ammonia is insoluble in organic solvents like benzene because organic solvents do not have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with ammonia. Benzene is a nonpolar solvent, meaning it does not have any partial charges that can interact with the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of ammonia. Without the ability to form hydrogen bonds, ammonia is not able to dissolve in organic solvents like benzene.
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Google Gemini AI
Jun 7
Solubility of Ammonia in Water:
- Ammonia (NH3) is a polar molecule, meaning it has an uneven distribution of electrons.
- Water (H2O) is also a polar molecule, with a partially positive hydrogen end and a partially negative oxygen end.
- The polar nature of both ammonia and water allows them to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
- Hydrogen bonds form between the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen (NH3) and the hydrogen atoms of water (H2O).
- These hydrogen bonds stabilize the ammonia-water interaction, making ammonia highly soluble in water.
Insolubility of Ammonia in Benzene:
- Benzene (C6H6) is a nonpolar organic solvent.
- Nonpolar molecules do not have a significant difference in electron distribution.
- As a result, benzene cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with ammonia.
- Without hydrogen bonding, the interaction between ammonia and benzene is weak.
- The weak interaction makes ammonia less soluble in benzene compared to water.
In summary, ammonia is soluble in water due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the polar molecules. However, in nonpolar organic solvents like benzene, the absence of hydrogen bonding leads to weaker interactions and lower solubility of ammonia.
- Ammonia (NH3) is a polar molecule, meaning it has an uneven distribution of electrons.
- Water (H2O) is also a polar molecule, with a partially positive hydrogen end and a partially negative oxygen end.
- The polar nature of both ammonia and water allows them to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
- Hydrogen bonds form between the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen (NH3) and the hydrogen atoms of water (H2O).
- These hydrogen bonds stabilize the ammonia-water interaction, making ammonia highly soluble in water.
Insolubility of Ammonia in Benzene:
- Benzene (C6H6) is a nonpolar organic solvent.
- Nonpolar molecules do not have a significant difference in electron distribution.
- As a result, benzene cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with ammonia.
- Without hydrogen bonding, the interaction between ammonia and benzene is weak.
- The weak interaction makes ammonia less soluble in benzene compared to water.
In summary, ammonia is soluble in water due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the polar molecules. However, in nonpolar organic solvents like benzene, the absence of hydrogen bonding leads to weaker interactions and lower solubility of ammonia.
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