Who is Umar?

Umar ibn Al-Khattab was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. He is considered one of the most influential and powerful Muslim caliphs in history. Umar is known for his strict adherence to justice, his military conquests, and his administrative reforms during his reign. He was assassinated in 644 AD.

Umar ibn al-Khattab (c. 581–644)

Life and Accomplishments:

- Second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (634-644)
- Known as "Umar al-Farooq" (Umar the Discerner) for his wise judgment and leadership
- Expanded the Islamic empire to include most of the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia
- Established a strong and centralized government, including a bureaucracy and taxation system
- Instituted key reforms, such as:
- The Hijri calendar, which marked the beginning of the Islamic era
- The system of Qisas, a legal retribution doctrine based on Islamic law
- The Diwan, a system of state administration and tax collection
- Conquered Jerusalem and granted non-Muslims protection under Islamic rule
- Was assassinated in Medina in 644 by a Persian slave

Key Characteristics:

- Strong and decisive leader
- Brilliant strategist and military commander
- Just and fair ruler
- Deeply religious and a devoted Muslim
- Pragmatic and practical administrator

Legacy:

- Umar is considered one of the most influential figures in Islamic history.
- His reforms laid the foundation for the subsequent growth and expansion of the Islamic empire.
- He is revered for his wise leadership, administrative skills, and contributions to Islamic law and governance.