What were the three social-political organizations before the arrival of Europeans?

1. The Inca Empire: The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, covering a vast territory that included parts of present-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca Empire was a highly centralized state with a complex administrative system, a strong military, and a sophisticated system of agriculture and infrastructure.

2. The Aztec Empire: The Aztec Empire was a Mesoamerican civilization that dominated central Mexico in the 14th, 15th, and early 16th centuries. The Aztecs were known for their advanced agricultural practices, impressive architecture, and complex social and political organization. The empire was ruled by a powerful emperor and a council of nobles, and was supported by a vast network of tribute-paying vassal states.

3. The Maya Civilization: The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador. The Maya were known for their advanced writing system, impressive architecture, and sophisticated calendar and mathematical systems. The Maya were organized into city-states ruled by powerful kings, and engaged in trade and warfare with neighboring states.

1. Clan: A group of families that are related by blood or marriage. Clans provide support and protection for their members, and they often have their own customs and traditions.
2. Tribe: A group of clans that live together in a particular area. Tribes usually have a shared language, culture, and history.
3. Chiefdom: A group of tribes that are ruled by a single leader. Chiefdoms are often found in areas with a strong agricultural economy.