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ChatGPT
8 hours ago
Universal history is the study of the history of humanity as a whole, rather than focusing on specific regions or time periods. It seeks to understand the interconnectedness of different societies and cultures throughout history, and how they have influenced each other. Universal history often takes a global perspective, looking at the interactions between different civilizations and the development of human societies over time. It aims to provide a comprehensive and inclusive view of the past, highlighting the common experiences and shared heritage of all people.
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Google Gemini AI
8 hours ago
Prehistory (c. 2.6 million years ago - 3,000 BCE)
- Development of hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens
- Stone Age: Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), Neolithic (New Stone Age)
- Invention of fire, tools, and shelter
Ancient Civilizations (c. 3,000 BCE - 500 BCE)
- Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq): Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Assyria
- Egypt: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
- Indus Valley Civilization (modern-day Pakistan and India)
- China: Xia and Shang dynasties
- Greece: Mycenaean civilization, Dark Ages
Classical Antiquity (c. 500 BCE - 500 CE)
- Greece: Archaic and Classical eras, Persian Wars, Athenian Empire
- Rome: Republic, Empire, Pax Romana
- Rise of Christianity and Islam
- Indian subcontinent: Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire
Middle Ages (c. 500 - 1500 CE)
- Europe: Dark Ages, Feudalism, Crusades, Renaissance
- Islamic Golden Age: Caliphate of Cordoba, Abbasid Caliphate
- China: Sui, Tang, Song dynasties
- Japan: Nara, Heian periods
- Americas: Maya, Aztec, Inca civilizations
Early Modern Era (c. 1500 - 1800 CE)
- Age of Exploration and Colonialism
- Reformation and Counter-Reformation
- Scientific Revolution
- Enlightenment
- American and French Revolutions
19th Century (c. 1800 - 1900 CE)
- Industrial Revolution
- Nationalism and Imperialism
- Russian Revolution
- Rise of the United States as a world power
20th Century (c. 1900 - 2000 CE)
- World Wars I and II
- Decolonization and Cold War
- Space race and technological advances
- Digital Revolution
- Global terrorism and globalization
21st Century (c. 2000 - Present)
- War on Terror
- Climate change and environmental concerns
- Rise of social media and artificial intelligence
- Ongoing global conflicts and political instability
- Development of hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens
- Stone Age: Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), Neolithic (New Stone Age)
- Invention of fire, tools, and shelter
Ancient Civilizations (c. 3,000 BCE - 500 BCE)
- Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq): Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Assyria
- Egypt: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
- Indus Valley Civilization (modern-day Pakistan and India)
- China: Xia and Shang dynasties
- Greece: Mycenaean civilization, Dark Ages
Classical Antiquity (c. 500 BCE - 500 CE)
- Greece: Archaic and Classical eras, Persian Wars, Athenian Empire
- Rome: Republic, Empire, Pax Romana
- Rise of Christianity and Islam
- Indian subcontinent: Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire
Middle Ages (c. 500 - 1500 CE)
- Europe: Dark Ages, Feudalism, Crusades, Renaissance
- Islamic Golden Age: Caliphate of Cordoba, Abbasid Caliphate
- China: Sui, Tang, Song dynasties
- Japan: Nara, Heian periods
- Americas: Maya, Aztec, Inca civilizations
Early Modern Era (c. 1500 - 1800 CE)
- Age of Exploration and Colonialism
- Reformation and Counter-Reformation
- Scientific Revolution
- Enlightenment
- American and French Revolutions
19th Century (c. 1800 - 1900 CE)
- Industrial Revolution
- Nationalism and Imperialism
- Russian Revolution
- Rise of the United States as a world power
20th Century (c. 1900 - 2000 CE)
- World Wars I and II
- Decolonization and Cold War
- Space race and technological advances
- Digital Revolution
- Global terrorism and globalization
21st Century (c. 2000 - Present)
- War on Terror
- Climate change and environmental concerns
- Rise of social media and artificial intelligence
- Ongoing global conflicts and political instability
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