Traditional Administration
Traditional administration refers to the governance system practiced by indigenous communities before the arrival of colonial powers. It is based on customary laws, beliefs, and traditions that guide the social, political, and economic life of a community.
Traditional Administration in Ukwa West Local Government
Ukwa West Local Government, in Abia State, Nigeria, had a well-established traditional administration system before the advent of British colonialism. Here's how it was practiced:
1. Monarch/Traditional Ruler:
- The paramount ruler was the Eze Ukwu (King of Ukwa), who oversaw the entire Ukwa kingdom.
- Assisted by a council of elders and chiefs, he exercised significant influence in matters of governance, justice, and dispute resolution.
2. Village System:
- The kingdom was divided into villages, each with its own headman or village chief.
- These chiefs were responsible for administering the day-to-day affairs of their communities, such as maintaining law and order, settling disputes, and collecting taxes.
3. Age Grade System:
- The community was organized into age grades, based on birth or initiation.
- Each age grade had specific roles and responsibilities within the society, such as farming, hunting, or performing ritual duties.
4. Council of Elders:
- A council of elders, known as the Aka Ikenga, played a crucial role in decision-making and dispute resolution.
- The council consisted of experienced and respected members of the community, who provided guidance and wisdom to the traditional ruler.
5. Judicial System:
- Traditional courts known as Oti Adala (Court of Native Laws and Customs) were established to dispense justice according to customary laws.
- Judges were appointed by the Eze Ukwu and were responsible for resolving disputes, punishing offenders, and maintaining peace and order.
6. Rituals and Ceremonies:
- Traditional rituals and ceremonies were an integral part of Ukwa West's administration.
- These ceremonies included festivals, initiations, and funerals, which served to strengthen community bonds and reinforce cultural values.
7. Community Development:
- The traditional administration played a role in promoting community development by organizing communal labor for infrastructure projects, such as building roads and schools.
- It also encouraged the establishment of markets and trade, fostering economic growth within the kingdom.