What is the system of trade in precolation period?

During the precolonial period, trade in many regions was conducted through a system of barter, where goods and services were exchanged directly between individuals or communities without the use of money. This system was based on the principle of reciprocity, where goods were exchanged based on mutual need and benefit.

In some regions, such as West Africa, trade routes were established that connected different communities and facilitated the exchange of goods over long distances. These trade routes were often controlled by powerful empires or kingdoms, such as the Mali Empire or the Kingdom of Benin, which taxed and regulated trade along these routes.

In other regions, such as the Pacific Islands, trade was conducted through a system of ceremonial exchange known as "kula" or "potlatch", where valuable items were exchanged as a way of establishing social status and building alliances between communities.

Overall, the system of trade in the precolonial period was diverse and varied depending on the region, but it was generally characterized by a focus on reciprocity, mutual benefit, and the establishment of social relationships through exchange.

- Barter: The direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money.
- Trade fairs: Periodic gatherings where traders from different regions could meet and exchange goods.
- Long-distance trade networks: Routes established over long distances for the exchange of goods, often involving multiple intermediaries.
- Tribute and reciprocity: The exchange of gifts and resources between groups and individuals, often as a form of political or social alliance.
- Craft specialization: The production of specialized goods by individuals or groups, which were then traded with other communities.
- Sea trade: The use of water routes for the exchange of goods, particularly in coastal regions.
- Currency: The use of objects such as shells, beads, or precious metals as a medium of exchange.