A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines that govern the communication and interaction between different entities in a network or system. It defines the format, timing, sequencing, and error control mechanisms for transmitting data between devices or systems. Protocols ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently, allowing devices or systems to communicate effectively with each other. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for internet communication, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web browsing, and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for email transmission.