Definition:
Pests are organisms that cause economic loss, health problems, or damage to the environment. They can include insects, rodents, birds, mammals, and plants.
Characteristics:
- Damage: Pests cause damage to crops, plants, stored products, structures, and human health.
- Reproduction: They often reproduce rapidly, leading to population explosions.
- Adaptation: Pests can adapt to changing conditions and develop resistance to control measures.
- Host Specificity: Some pests are specific to certain hosts, while others can infest a wide range of organisms.
- Dispersal: Pests can spread easily through natural means or human activities, such as transportation or trade.
Economic Impact:
Pests can cause significant economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and other industries. They can reduce crop yields, damage stored goods, and increase production costs.
Health Impact:
Some pests, such as mosquitoes and ticks, can transmit diseases to humans and animals. Rodents can also contaminate food and spread illnesses.
Environmental Impact:
Invasive pests can disrupt ecosystems by competing with native species, altering habitats, and introducing diseases. They can also cause deforestation and reduce biodiversity.
Examples:
- Insects: aphids, termites, cockroaches
- Rodents: rats, mice, squirrels
- Birds: pigeons, sparrows, starlings
- Mammals: deer, rabbits, beavers
- Plants: weeds, invasive species