What is particulate matter ?

Particulate matter refers to tiny particles or droplets in the air that can be made up of a variety of substances, including dust, dirt, soot, and liquid droplets. These particles can be emitted from a variety of sources, such as vehicles, industrial processes, construction activities, and natural sources like wildfires and volcanic eruptions. Particulate matter can have negative impacts on human health, as it can be inhaled into the lungs and cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and other health effects. It can also contribute to air pollution and reduce visibility.

Particulate matter (PM) refers to tiny particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances, including microscopic solids and liquid droplets.

Sources of Particulate Matter:

- Natural sources: Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind-blown dust, sea salt spray
- Human-made sources: Combustion engines, industrial processes, construction activities, agricultural practices

Types of Particulate Matter:

- PM10: Particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers (μm) or less
- PM2.5: Particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers (μm) or less (also known as fine particles)
- PM1: Particles with a diameter of 1 micrometer (μm) or less (also known as ultrafine particles)

Health Effects of Particulate Matter:

Particulate matter can have adverse effects on human health, particularly when inhaled.

- Respiratory problems: Asthma, bronchitis, COPD
- Cardiovascular disease: Heart attacks, strokes
- Cancer: Lung cancer, bladder cancer
- Eye irritation
- Neurological effects

Importance of Monitoring Particulate Matter:

Monitoring particulate matter levels in the environment is crucial for:

- Identifying areas with high levels of air pollution
- Assessing the effectiveness of pollution control measures
- Developing regulations and policies to improve air quality
- Protecting public health from the adverse effects of particulate matter